Meet Venezuela’s National Tree - Macska Moksha Press

Venezuela’s national tree, as observed in the city of Baruta in the state of Miranda. [Credit: Veronidae, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.]

The US media flattens “enemy” countries into two-dimensional caricatures, villainizing their leaders and reducing their people to homogeneous masses. It’s dehumanization in the service of justifying violence, whether economic or military. Of course reality is multi-dimensional; no leader is completely good or bad and no people is monolithic in their feelings about their government or anything else. (As for the designation of “enemy,” that’s about who the elite wants to target, not who’s actually a credible threat, which is virtually nobody for a country (the US) protected by oceans on the east and west and non-belligerents to the north and south.)

Deeper than politics, every country has its own heartfelt traditions, flavors and aesthetic sensibilities that, when we are made aware of them, are humanizing, or in the case of “enemies,” re-humanizing. This is incredibly important, especially during periods of active conflict.

Golden Trumpet-Tree in Venezuelan countryside. [Credit: Wilfredor, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.]

In that spirit, meet the national tree of Venezuela: Handroanthus chrysanthus, formerly Tabebuia chrysantha. In English, it’s most commonly known as the Golden Trumpet-Tree, and in Venezuela as Araguaney, which comes from an indigenous name for it, Aravenei. It has many other names besides, including Guayacán in Colombia, Ecuador and Panama, Chonta Quiru in Peru, Tajibo in Bolivia, and Ipê-amarelo in Brazil.

The shapely species as observed in Brazil. [Credit: Leonardo “Leguas” Carvalho, CC BY-SA 2.5 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5>, via Wikimedia Commons]

In the scientific name, –anthus in both the genus and species is from Greek for “flower.” Handro refers to Brazilian botanist Oswaldo Handro, and chrys is “golden,” again from Greek. So it’s golden-flowered Handro-flower. The older name, Tabebuja is based on the indigenous Tupi words for “ant” and “wood” because ants are known to live in the pithy interiors of the twigs. This was a case of reclassifying the species from one genus to another for whatever logical reasons botanists had for doing so, but in my opinion it’s too bad that an indigenous name was given up for a colonial one.

Botanical rendering by Louis Benoît van Houtte, 1853. [Public domain via Wikimedia Commons.]

H. chrysanthus is native from northwest South America through Central America and into Mexico. It has since been introduced to other parts of the world and was lovingly adopted in southeast Asia and particularly Hong Kong. (See iNaturalist for worldwide observations.) The only place in the United States where the tree is found seems to be Florida. It’s in the Trumpet Vine Family, Bignoniaceae. Lovers of southwest US flora will be familiar with the related Desert Willow (Chilopsis linearis). In the east, Catalpas and various Trumpet Vines are common members of the same family.

Foliage of H. chrysanthus in the Sheung Wan neighborhood of Hong Kong. [Credit: Umsankwongc, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.]

Araguaney is best known for its spectacular floral display of yellow trumpet-shaped blossoms, which emerge after the tree drops its leaves. In Venezuela this is typically between February and April during the dry season there. Rómulo Gallegos, novelist and first democratically elected president of Venezuela, called this time of year la primavera de oro de los araguaneyes, which is “the golden spring of the araguaneyes.”

Flowering in Colombia. [Credit: Alejandro Bayer Tamayo, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.]

The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical, meaning mirrored left to right. The five fused petals are arranged two on top and three along the bottom, superficially resembling an open mouth. The lower petals are often marked with thin red streaks coming out of the flower’s throat. Seed capsules are like round bean pods up to a foot long, forming in clusters.

Close-up of flower in Hong Kong. [Credit: 阿橋 HQ, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.]

The tree reaches a height of 20-40 feet, with a trunk up to two feet wide. The compound leaves are made up of five oval/lance-shaped leaflets which are darker green above and lighter on their undersides. The bark is grey to dark brown, developing furrows with age. The tree thrives in forest openings and savannas. Ecologically, the flowers are very popular with bees and other pollinators, and various species of birds are at home in the branches. The tree’s tolerance for poor soil and tough circumstances makes it a popular choice for urban settings, where it brightens up a neighborhood and provides habitat for wildlife.

Araguaney street trees in Baruta, Venezuela. [Credit: Veronidae, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.]

Traditional medicinal use included treating arthritis, malaria and as a blood purifier. As lumber, the wood is heavy, hard and resistant to insects and is used for furniture, flooring and outdoor applications. Some tension exists between those wanting to conserve the tree and those wanting to use it as a resource. The species falls victim to agriculture and other development as well, an all-too-familiar story around the world for many trees.

A few trees in Coriano, a region in northwest Venezuela. [Credit: Romulo ollarves, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.]

Araguaney became Venezuela’s state tree on May 29, 1948, during Gallegos’ truncated presidential term. (He took office in February but was removed by a military coup in November. The US approved of the coup because it was beneficial for US oil companies.)

Venezuelan stamp issued 25 August 1950. [Public domain via Wikimedia Commons.]

A contemporary writer expresses the patriotic meaning of Araguaney like so:

The tree symbolizes resilience and beauty, capturing the essence of the Venezuelan spirit. The Araguaney’s ability to thrive in a variety of environments, much like the Venezuelan people, makes it an ideal national symbol. Its burst of yellow flowers serve as a reminder of the country’s vibrant culture, lush landscapes, and rich biodiversity.

A stately Araguaney in La Plaza Bolívar in Mérida, Venezuela. Named for Simón Bolívar, who is known as the Liberator of America for leading the independence movement from the Spanish Empire of the region that is now Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. [Credit: Hector Colina, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.]

This kind of pride in place is by no means limited to Venezuela. I’m not a patriotic person myself about my own country, but I can appreciate such sentiments when they seem sincere, which this does. And of course I totally vibe with love for a tree. As a species and as a symbol, Araguaney is indeed lovely and striking. By learning about it and admiring its beauty, I feel that I can relate to Venezuela and Venezuelans a tiny bit more. I hope I’ve done the same for you with this brief look at the Golden Trumpet-Tree.